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Abstract

Cancer is one of the world's leading causes of death. Conventional therapies, such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have improved patient management and have shown overwhelming progress. However, the incidence and mortality rates among cancer patients are still extremely high, at approximately 20,5 % and 10,6 % for both sexes, respectively. This may be due to the heterogeneity of tumors, their special microenvironment, and the development of resistance to certain conventional therapies. The concept of immunotherapy provided a new perspective on patient treatment. The interaction of tumor cells with their microenvironment depends on different factors and conditions that promote tumor proliferation or elimination. Immune cells are part of the tumor microenvironment and, in some instances, have been shown to be unable to kill tumor cells, allowing cancer cells to survive, grow and metastasize. This results consequently in poor patient outcomes. Here, we focus on how immunotherapy enables a significant reappropriation of the host’s immune defense against cancer and how this therapeutic strategy has been incredibly beneficial in managing patients, especially those for whom standard therapies are ineffective

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Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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